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Towards their interlocutors with higher degree of intimacy, Japanese university students mostly use the refusal structure of\u2018 \uff5e + direct refusal\u2019 and try to save their own face, while in using the same refusal structure towards the interlocutors with lower intimacy they often try to preserve their face. 2. Korean university students use the refusal structure of \u2018direct refusal + \uff5e\u2019 in low frequency. 3. Japanese university students often use direct refusal expressions which contain clausefinal modal elements \u2018noda.\u2019 This tendency is higher when refusers attempt to preserve their own positive face. 4. Korean university students use direct refusal expressions containing the modal elements which are equivalent to \u2018kedo\u2019, \u2018keredomo\u2019, \u2018desu\u2019, and \u2018masu\u2019 in Japanese. This tendency is stronger when refusers work on their own positive face.", "subitem_description_type": "Abstract"}]}, "item_7_full_name_3": {"attribute_name": "\u8457\u8005\u5225\u540d", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "56910", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}], "names": [{"name": "Kwon, Young-Su"}]}]}, "item_7_publisher_7": {"attribute_name": "\u51fa\u7248\u8005", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_publisher": "\u65b0\u6f5f\u5927\u5b66\u5927\u5b66\u9662\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u300c\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3068\u500b\u5225\u6027\u300d\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8"}]}, "item_7_select_19": {"attribute_name": "\u8457\u8005\u7248\u30d5\u30e9\u30b0", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_select_item": "publisher"}]}, "item_7_source_id_11": {"attribute_name": "\u66f8\u8a8c\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9ID", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_source_identifier": "AA12464660", "subitem_source_identifier_type": "NCID"}]}, "item_7_source_id_9": {"attribute_name": "ISSN", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_source_identifier": "1884863X", "subitem_source_identifier_type": "ISSN"}]}, "item_creator": {"attribute_name": "\u8457\u8005", "attribute_type": "creator", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "\u6a29, \u82f1\u79c0"}], "nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "56909", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}]}]}, "item_files": {"attribute_name": "\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u60c5\u5831", "attribute_type": "file", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"accessrole": "open_date", "date": [{"dateType": "Available", "dateValue": "2019-08-06"}], "displaytype": "detail", "download_preview_message": "", "file_order": 0, "filename": "1_31-51.pdf", "filesize": [{"value": "1.3 MB"}], "format": "application/pdf", "future_date_message": "", "is_thumbnail": false, "licensetype": "license_free", "mimetype": "application/pdf", "size": 1300000.0, "url": {"label": "1_31-51.pdf", "url": "https://niigata-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/7999/files/1_31-51.pdf"}, "version_id": "50a65b39-817d-43f6-9daf-b3a5e3eb3642"}]}, "item_keyword": {"attribute_name": "\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_subject": "\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65ad\u308a", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "\u30dd\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8\u30cd\u30b9", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "\u89aa\u758e\u95a2\u4fc2", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}]}, "item_language": {"attribute_name": "\u8a00\u8a9e", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_language": "jpn"}]}, "item_resource_type": {"attribute_name": "\u8cc7\u6e90\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"resourcetype": "departmental bulletin paper", "resourceuri": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]}, "item_title": "\u300c\u89aa\u758e\u95a2\u4fc2\u300d\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u300c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65ad\u308a\u300d\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff", "item_titles": {"attribute_name": "\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_title": "\u300c\u89aa\u758e\u95a2\u4fc2\u300d\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u300c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65ad\u308a\u300d\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff"}, {"subitem_title": "\u300c\u89aa\u758e\u95a2\u4fc2\u300d\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u300c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65ad\u308a\u300d\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff", "subitem_title_language": "en"}]}, "item_type_id": "7", "owner": "1", "path": ["453/456", "428/429/818/827"], "permalink_uri": "http://hdl.handle.net/10191/27101", "pubdate": {"attribute_name": "\u516c\u958b\u65e5", "attribute_value": "2014-05-09"}, "publish_date": "2014-05-09", "publish_status": "0", "recid": "7999", "relation": {}, "relation_version_is_last": true, "title": ["\u300c\u89aa\u758e\u95a2\u4fc2\u300d\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u300c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65ad\u308a\u300d\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff"], "weko_shared_id": null}