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One hundred and six mandibles (104 right sides and 106 left sides) from cadavers dissected at Matsumoto Dental University were examined. A soft X-ray of the lateral view of each mandible was taken and converted into an image by scanner. Then the area between the mental foramen and the lingula were divided into 10 partitions on the images. The distances between the mylohyoid line and the alveolar margin (ML-AM), the mandibular canal and the mylohyoid line (MC-ML), and the base of mandible and the mandibular canal (BM-MC), respectively, were measured at the partition lines on the images of the mandibles by a NIH Image software program. The following findings were obtained: After loss of teeth ML-AM and MC-ML change to a statistically significant difference as tested by Mann-Whitney\u0027s U-test. ML-AM is affected more strongly than MC-ML by the loss of teeth. However, BM-MC does not change under any condition of tooth loss. It was concluded that after loss of teeth the first to disappear is the alveolar portion, but the atrophy eventually involves part of the mylohyoid line of the mandible.", "subitem_description_type": "Abstract"}, {"subitem_description": 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