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In Niigata University, department of obstetrics and gynecology, 28 couples suffering from infertility because of azoospermia from 1995.5 - 1997.5. Azoospermia is caused either by spermatogenic arrest or by obstruction of the genital tract. Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration, testicular sperm extraction were performed in the husbands, followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection of oocytes recovered from wives. Cleaving embryos were transferred to the uterine cavity 48 hours after the intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure. A sperm retrieval rate was 71.4 %, a fertilization rate of 50.9 % was achieved after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. On 19 occasions, embryos were transferred and five patients became pregnant, an overall pregnancy rate of 25.0 % per transfer. This study shows the combined microsurgical sperm extraction-intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure to be highly efficient in achieving fertilization in vitro, even after recovery of grossly impaired epididymal and testicular sperm.", "subitem_description_type": "Abstract"}]}, "item_7_full_name_3": {"attribute_name": "\u8457\u8005\u5225\u540d", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "105912", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}], "names": [{"name": "Yamamoto, Yasuaki"}]}, {"nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "105913", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}], "names": [{"name": "Hasegawa, Isao"}]}, {"nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "105914", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}], "names": [{"name": "Suzuki, Mina"}]}, {"nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "105915", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}], "names": [{"name": "Marukawa, Haruo"}]}, {"nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "105916", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}], "names": [{"name": "Honda, Akira"}]}, 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