@article{oai:niigata-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00007960,
 author = {福田, 一雄},
 journal = {言語の普遍性と個別性, 言語の普遍性と個別性},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {The notion of Grammatical Metaphor was introduced by M. A. K. Halliday (1985) in the theoryof Systemic Functional Linguistics. According to him, Modality is realized in either of the two ways, congruent or incongruent. This two-fold distinction totally depends upon whether the relevant modalized clause is a single clause or a bi-clause syntactically. In this paper, we have identified the semi-metaphorical variant within Halliday’s congruent type. By doing so, we have\nfound that we can better capture the increasing degrees of objectivity along the following order: The rumor must be true → The rumor is certain to be true → It is certain that the rumor is true.\nFurthermore, we showed that our three-fold distinction between congruent, semi-metaphorical and metaphorical variants, can better explain shades of meaning of Japanese Modality as well as of English.},
 pages = {1--14},
 title = {日本語モダリティ覚え書き（その三） : モダリティにおけるメタファーと半メタファー},
 volume = {8},
 year = {2017}
}