@article{oai:niigata-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00007924,
 author = {Manalo, Jennifer Magno},
 journal = {現代社会文化研究, 現代社会文化研究},
 month = {Nov},
 note = {government: the legislative and judiciary confirmed and concurred to such powers to avoid  imbalance and miscarriage of justice. The President may be removed from office through  impeachment. (See the case entitled Pres. Joseph Ejercito Estrada vs. Gloria Macapagal arroyo,  et al, G. R. Nos. 146710-15, and March 2, 2001). Under the 1987 Constitution that has been  discussed previously that also the Vice President, the Members of the Supreme Court, the  Members of the Constitutional Commissions, and the Ombudsman may be removed from office on  impeachment for, and conviction of, culpable violation of the Constitution, treason, bribery,  graft and corruption, other high crimes, or betrayal of public trust. The President and the  Vice President has the same qualifications and will serve for a fixed term of office, the  President, which is only for six years, and not eligible for any reelection, the Vice  President shall serve not more than two consecutive terms. The three branches of government  such as executive, legislative and judiciary are independent and separate from each other.  Each has its own functions to be performed, the executive as the implementer, and the  legislative as the makers of law and the judiciary as the interpreter. As discussed earlier,  Justice Laurel declared that these three branches of government are co-equal, coordinate, and  co-existent with each other. They can apply the concept of checks and balances as provided by  the law. Even so, the Constitutional Commissions which are divided into three also has its own  functions and roles to play. The Civil Service Commissions is the agency tasked to administer  the whole civil service, which, in turn, embraces all branches, subdivisions,  instrumentalities, and agencies of the government, including government owned and controlled  corporations. The Commission on Elections is the agency responsible for the enforcement and  admini stration all laws relative to the conduct of an election, plebiscite, initiative,  recall and referendum Also conducts elections, designs the ballots, registers political  parties etc. The Commission on Audit is the agency granted the power, authority and duty to  examine, audit and settle all accounts pertaining to revenues, receipts of, and expenditures,  uses of funds and properties, owned or helps in trust by, or pertaining to the government. The  local government with the concept of devolution, decentralization and local autonomy as well  as the autonomous regions has been acknowledged in Article 10 of the 1987 Philippine  Constitution. As the Constitution mandated freedom, every group or organization has the right  to express his or her grievances, opinions and views, as long as it would not go beyond the  limitations provided by the law. The various sectors and organizations, whether passive,  active, underground, secessionist, or fundamentalists in society have a major influence on  Philippine politics. The Philippine media is considered the fourth state as it can expose  large-scale anomalies. The summary is based primarily on the discussions presented.},
 pages = {155--184},
 title = {An Overview of the Philippine Political System under the 1987 Constitution},
 volume = {22},
 year = {2001}
}