@article{oai:niigata-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00007418,
 author = {包, 振山},
 journal = {現代社会文化研究, 現代社会文化研究},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {Although China's Retail Industry started its development from the reform and opening-up policy in 1978, it did not achieve activeness until the introduction of foreign capital in Circulation Industry in 1992. With the entrance into WTO in 2001, China`s Retail embraces the comprehensive development and comes into the era of modernization. This paper takes Qingdao, which is one of the first waves of experimental cities to open Circulation Industry in China, as research object. Through analyzing its development background, We divide the development process into the following periods: Primary Stage (1978～1991), Experimental Stage (1992～1995), Local Approval Stage (1995～2001), Development and Extension Stage (2001～2007) and Competition Stage (2007～). And then We generalize its characteristics. We will explore into the development of the coastal cities'Retail Industry by taking Qingdao as case study.},
 pages = {199--216},
 title = {中国 ・青島市における小売業の進展と課題},
 volume = {59},
 year = {2014}
}