@article{oai:niigata-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00006557,
 author = {Morishita, Hideo and Nakajima, Yuichi and Torii, Tetsu and Chen, Xiao and Li, Chang-Chun},
 issue = {3},
 journal = {Acta medica et biologica, Acta medica et biologica},
 month = {Sep},
 note = {Intravesical urine samples and the edges of catheters were examined for the presence of bacteria when the catheter was removed from 113 patients with indwelling urethral catheters. In 89 cases with catheterization for less than 10 days, the bacterial culture was positive for both the urine sample and the catheter edge in 13 cases (15%). In 41 cases (46%), only the catheter edges showed a positive culture, and both urine and catheter in 35 cases (39%). Negative urine culture was obtained in 76 cases (85%) of this group. This suggests that sterile control can be achieved if the catheter is exchanged within 10 days. In cases where the indwelling catheter was retained between 11 days and one month, bacteria were positive both in the urine and on the catheter in 7 of 13 cases (54%) and were negative in the urine but positive on the catheter in 5 (38%). As for the urine alone, bacteria were negative in 6 of 13 cases (46%). In 11 cases with indwelling catheterization for more than one month, bacteria were seen both in the urine and on the catheter in 10 cases (91%), and on the catheter only in the remaining one (9%). When the indwelling catheter was retained for more than one year, many strains of bacteria were isolated both in the urine and on the catheter.},
 pages = {123--127},
 title = {Studies on Bacteria Isolated from Catheter Edges and Urine in Short and Long-Term Urethral Catheterization},
 volume = {40},
 year = {1992}
}