@article{oai:niigata-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00006322,
 author = {YAMAMOTO, Tatsuo and TANEIKE, Ikue and TAMURA, Yukiko and WAKISAKA-SAITO, Noriko},
 issue = {3},
 journal = {Acta medica et biologica, Acta medica et biologica},
 month = {Sep},
 note = {In vitro susceptibilities to 35 antimicrobial agents were investigated in 319 strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 and 213 strains of V. cholerae O139 isolated from various regions of the world between 1991 and 1999. Drug resistance was found with 12 of the 35 antimicrobial agents and was divided into chromosome-encoded multiple drug resistance (VC MAR, found in plasmid-less strains) and that encoded by drug resistance (R) plasmids. VC MAR was subtyped into eight major groups. In Bangladesh, the VC MAR pattern changed from that including tetracycline resistance (VC MAR2) since the 1990s to a tetracycline-susceptible, nalidixic acid-low resistant pattern (VC MAR3a), and then to a nalidixic acid-highly resistant pattern (VC MAR3b). The VC MAR3b type also showed low resistance to a newer quinolone, norfloxacin. R plasmids were isolated from a V. cholerae O139 strain from Thailand and V. cholerae O1 strains from Rwanda, Tanzania, and Peru. In the case of V. cholerae O139,this was the second isolate after the previous R plasmid from Indian strains. V. cholerae O1 isolated in 1997 from cholera patients in Japan who had never been abroad showed a VC MAR6 pattern, which was the same as that of V. cholerae O1 occurring in travelers to Bali, Indonesia in 1995. This study showed that the multiple drug resistance of V. cholerae O1 and O139 differed among regions and eras due to changes in VC MAR and the presence of R plasmids, and that the isolates were still susceptible to some antimicrobial agents such as azithromycin and tetracycline (e.g., in Bangladesh).},
 pages = {75--88},
 title = {Multiple Drug Resistance of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 Isolated from Various Regions of the World: Changes in the Past 10 Years},
 volume = {48},
 year = {2000}
}