@article{oai:niigata-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00002979, author = {大竹, 千鶴 and 高木, 正道 and 田口, 洋 and 野田, 忠}, issue = {1}, journal = {小児歯科学雑誌, 小児歯科学雑誌}, month = {Mar}, note = {時代の移り変わりの中で,少しずつ変化している日本人の食事について,時代の変遷により,食生態が変化し,噛む回数や時間が変わることを,どこまで正確に検証できるのか,時代を反映する食事として学校給食をとりあげ,その復元食による咀嚼実験を試行し,咀嚼との関連について検討した。今回の実験では,現代の給食の方が昭和30年代および50年代より咀嚼回数も咀嚼時聞も減少するという結果が出たが,これは時代の変化というより,選択した献立の差と考えられた。時代の変遷による食生態の変化を,代表的献立で実験する場合,日常の食をいくつかの献立で代表させるのは難しく,測定した咀嚼回数や咀嚼時間の比較で時代の変遷を論じることはさらに難しいと思われた。献立,素材,調理方法により,咀嚼回数も咀嚼時間も大きく変わるものと考えられ,学校給食だけでなく,普段の食生活においても,噛みごたえのある食品を使ったり,素材を大きく切って調理したりなど,さまざまな工夫をすることによって食事がよりよいものとなると思われた。, The present experimental study was a trial in order to test the hypothesis that Japanese eating habit has been changing as time passes. As the typical food for testing around the 1950’s,1970’s and the present era respectively, we selected three menus from two former and one current school lunch, which were normally eaten by numerous school children. The content of the lunches had been properly recorded and were able to be reproduced. Six subjects agreed to take part in the present experiment, and the total amount of mastication and the time for eating for each subject to eat each test food thoroughly were calculated through recorded videotapes. The mean values from all of the subjects were compared to each other on the amount of mastication and the time required for eating the three kinds of the test food. The amount of mastication decreased with a shortened time for eating when eating the current lunch, compared to when eating the other two former lunches, In the replacement experiment, however, when Japanese rice mixed with the wheat of the current lunch was replaced by the French roll for the lunch of the l950’s with the same side dishes and milk, the amount of mastication increased with a longed time for eating, compared to the original current lunch.The results from the replacement experiment indicated that the difference between the ages was not necessarily due to the change in Japanese eating habits as time passed. If the side menus are replaced and the method of cooking is changed, other results may be obtained. It appears to be quite difficult to determine the typical food eaten usually by Japanese at each time, based on just a few menus.}, pages = {37--44}, title = {復元学校給食による咀嚼実験の一試行}, volume = {41}, year = {2003} }