@article{oai:niigata-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00028360, author = {Ichikawa, Takashi and Kiminami, Lily}, issue = {1}, journal = {新潟大学農学部研究報告, 新潟大学農学部研究報告}, month = {Aug}, note = {Generally, the impoverished in urban China can be classified into the following categories: the socially weak (those whoare disabled, those without legal guardian, and the elderly), unemployed and temporarily released workers of SOEs, andexiles (migrants from poor regions). The government has been providing assistance to urban residents who have an incomebelow the minimum standard (the Security System for Urban Minimum Standard of Living). On the other hand, food reformin China was instituted in 1991 throughout the whole country for major agricultural products such as food (cooking oils andgrain) and cotton. The resulting situation had imposed extreme hardships on people in areas where food distribution thatuntil that time had been secured for low-income earners, ceased. To address this issue, the Food Assistance System, whichtargets those city-registered residents within an income bracket below a constant standard in order to lessen the financialburden of food purchase, was introduced in the urban areas of China. However, the effects of the Security System for UrbanMinimum Standard of Living and the Food Assistance System are greatly different depending on the financial power, thedesign and the operation method of the systems of each area.Therefore in this paper, the actual situation of the Security System for Urban Minimum Standard of Living and the FoodAssistance System in Yinchuan City of Ningxia province are clarified through the interview survey to the officers of localcommunities and the questionnaire survey to the recipients of Food Assistance in Yinchuan City. Some policy implicationsfor poverty reduction in the region are drawn from the analytical results., 一般的に、中国都市部における貧困層は社会的弱者(身体障害者、孤児、高齢者)、国有企業の失業者および一時帰休者、流民(貧困地域からの出稼ぎ)などに分類できる。中国の各都市では、1993年以降に上海市を皮切りとして所得が最低基準以下の都市住民に対して補助を行うために、都市住民最低生活保障制度が実施されている。 一方、1991年には食糧品(穀物類と食用油)と綿などの主要農産物の流通の市場開放が進められた。この改革によって都市部の低所得者層にとっては、それまで保障されていた食糧品の配給が停止し死活問題となったために、貧困者の食糧品購入の金銭的負担を軽減させる食料補助制度が導入されている。しかしながら、都市住民最低生活保障制度と食料補助制度の効果は、各地域の財政力や制度の設計および運営方法によって異なっている。 そこで本研究では、銀川市における貧困対策の担当者(居民委員)への聞き取り調査と食料補助制度の受給者に対するアンケート調査の分析を通じて、寧夏回族自治区銀川市の都市住民最低生活保障制度と食料補助制度の実態と課題を明らかにし、同地域における貧困削減に向けた政策的含意を導出する。}, pages = {9--18}, title = {Food Security and Poverty Reduction in Yinchuan City of China}, volume = {63}, year = {2010} }