@article{oai:niigata-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00027260,
 author = {Koyama, Yoji},
 journal = {新潟大学経済論集, 新潟大学経済論集},
 month = {Sep},
 note = {To begin with, the industrialization in Japan starting from the Meiji era is discussed. Then postwar economic recovery and development is discussed. An important point in Japan's postwar economic recovery and development is that postwar reforms such as democratization, dissolution of Zaibatsu, land reform etc. were implemented. From 1956 until 1973 the Japanese economy experienced high economic growth. The first oil shock in 1973 put an end to the high economic growth. Japan was no longer able to pursue industrialization with an emphasis on heavy and chemical industries. Japan has endeavored in economic development with an emphasis on microelectronics and has succeeded in it. Japan has become a highly industrialized country ranked second in the world. After the Plaza Accord in 1985, however, Japanese economy experienced the bubble. In 1991 the bubble has burst. Since then Japan has experienced ten years of stagnation. Korea was colonized by Japan (1910-1945). Although Korea regained its independence after World War II, the country was separated by the Korean War (1950-54). The country was completely devastated. As of 1960 South Korea was less developed than North Korea. Later, however, South Korea experienced a high economic growth with about ten years lag behind Japan. South Korea has had a close economic connection and was able to introduce capital and technology from Japan. South Korea's high economic growth can be to a considerable extent explained by 'Flying Geese Pattern' (Akamatsu) as well as 'Advantage of Backwardness' (Gerschenkron). Finally the implication of South Korea's experience for Central and East European countries, especially for Poland is mentioned.},
 pages = {1--21},
 title = {Experiences of Japan and South Korea in the Process of Catching-Up},
 volume = {85},
 year = {2008}
}